The
Two Main Stages:
1.
Learning to articulate consonants, vowels, syllables,
words
2. Learning to represent words
0-
3 months:
- Birth cry and
then the differentiated cry
- Reflexive sounds
- produces a glottal catch and vowels
- Coos and gurgles
- Blowing bubbles
- learning muscle control
1
- 2 years:
- Sentence like
intonation
- Echolalia -
repetition
- Can understand
some words if in the correct context
- Want to pair
vowels with consonants, eg. dada rather dad
3-4
years
- Mastering a lot
of sounds but may replace some sounds with ones that are easier to form,
eg. ‘f’ not ‘th’
- Intelligible use
of language
Phonological
Development Terms:
- Cluster
Reduction:
- delete consonant combinations, e.g. ‘play’ spoken as ‘pay’ - Syllable
Reduction
- The deletion of a syllable from a word containing two or more syllables.
- The deletion usually occurs in the unstressed syllable. - Consonant
Simplifications (Use a simpler consonant for a more difficult one)
- Fronting: consonants are produced at the front of the
mouth are easier than sounds produced further back, e.g. ‘d’ & ‘t’ are
easier than ‘g’ or ‘k’, e.g. ‘got’ turns to ‘dot’
- Stopping: sounds that stop airflow are easier than ones
that restrict it ‘t’, ‘d’ are easier than ‘s’, ‘z’, ‘sh,’ ‘p’ and ‘b’ are
easier than ‘f’ and ‘v’,
(e.g. ‘foot’ as ‘put’)
- Gliding: replace ‘r’ and ‘l’ with ‘w’ (e.g. ‘rock’
spoken as ‘wo(ck)’)
- Consonant
assimilation
- Make one sound the same as, or similar to, another in the word e.g. ‘dark’ pronounced as ‘guck’) - Diminutives
- Morphemes attached to simple words, eg. dog becomes dog-y
- They imply smallness - Reduplicated
Babbling
- Final Consonant
Deletion
- Leaving of the last consonant eg. stoppin’ - Prevocalic
voicing
- The voicing of an initial voiceless consonant in a word. - Postvocalic
devoicing
- The devoicing of a final voiced consonant in a word.
